Performance Enhancement of Multiuser Passive Time Reversal Communication Based on Space-Time Block Coding     

宫改云  姚文斌  潘翔  宫先仪 《中国海洋工程》2010,24(1):173-182

Reliable,with high data rate,acoustic communication in time-varying,multipath shallow water environment is a hot research topic recently.Passive time reversal communication has shown promising results in improvement of the system performance.In multiuser environment,the system performance is significantly degraded due to the interference among different users.Passive time reversal can reduce such interference by minimizing the cross-correlated version of channel impulse response among users,which can be realized by the well-separated users in depth.But this method also has its shortcomings,even with the absence of relative motion,the minimization sometimes may be impossible because of the time-varying environment.Therefore in order to avoid the limitation of minimizing the cross-correlated channel function,an approach of passive time reversal based on space-time block coding (STBC) is presented in this paper.In addition,a single channel equalizer is used as a post processing technique to reduce the residual symbol interference.Experimental results at 13 kHz with 2 kHz bandwidth demonstrate that this method has better performance to decrease bit error rate and improve signal to noise ratio,compared with passive time reversal alone or passive time reversal combined with equalization.  相似文献   

Sapphirine in SW Sweden: a record of Sveconorwegian (–Grenvillian) late-orogenic tectonic exhumation     

MÖller 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1999,17(1):127-141

In the Sveconorwegian granulite region of SW Sweden, sapphirine occurs in reaction coronas in Mg- and Al-rich kyanite eclogites which form parts of mafic complexes. Aluminous to peraluminous sapphirine forms symplectitic intergrowths with plagioclase±corundum±spinel after kyanite. Kyanite and omphacite were the main reactants in the formation of sapphirine. The sapphirine formed during decompression from the eclogite facies ( P >15  kbar) through the high- to medium-pressure granulite and upper amphibolite facies at c. 750  °C. Preserved growth zoning in garnet, frozen-in reaction textures, and chemical disequilibrium suggest a rapid tectonic exhumation. Ductile deformation in the surrounding gneisses and parts of the mafic complex is characterized by foliation development, WNW–ESE stretching and dynamic recrystallization under granulite to upper amphibolite facies conditions, simultaneous with the sapphirine formation. This decompression, high-grade re-equilibration and associated deformation took place during the exhumation of the Sveconorwegian eclogites, bracketed between 969±14 and 956±7  Ma. Probable tectonic causes are late-orogenic gravitational collapse and/or plate divergence following the Sveconorwegian–Grenvillian continent–continent collision. There are no indications of metastability of aluminous and peraluminous sapphirine in the decompressed kyanite eclogites; sapphirine is stable in amphibole-poor and amphibolitized varieties, including rocks that have undergone dynamic recrystallization. Close similarities between rocks from different parts of the world with respect to reaction textures suggests that sapphirine+plagioclase-forming reactions are a universal feature in high-temperature decompressed kyanite eclogites.  相似文献   

华北克拉通北缘喀喇沁变质核杂岩早白垩世构造演化过程与形成模式     

林少泽  王飞  谢成龙  向必伟  赵田  朱光 《大地构造与成矿学》2019,43(1):1-16

对于喀喇沁变质核杂岩早白垩世构造过程与形成模式长期以来存在着不同的认识。通过详细的野外构造观察及擦痕应力场反演,并结合前人年代学数据,有效地制约了喀喇沁变质核杂岩早白垩世的构造演化,并对其形成模式进行了分析。结果表明,起源于晚侏罗世的喀喇沁变质核杂岩,在早白垩世(141～100 Ma)再次经历了强烈的伸展与岩浆活动。在此伸展活动中,沿着核部杂岩两侧分别发育了NE走向、倾向相反的楼子店-八里罕和上店-东风大型正断层,进而控制两侧半地堑式的小牛与平庄盆地的发育。在这两条边界断层的伸展运动及随后的均衡隆升中,核部杂岩不断抬升与剥露,先后发育了NE-NNE向的伸展韧性变形带与脆性正断层。这些早白垩世韧性和脆性伸展构造一致指示拉张方向为NW-SE向。综合分析表明,区内早白垩世伸展活动经历了141～134 Ma的初始伸展与同构造岩体侵位阶段、133～126 Ma的边界断层强烈活动与核部快速抬升阶段以及125～100Ma的均衡隆升阶段。喀喇沁变质核杂岩在早白垩世的伸展活动中转变为地垒式伸展穹窿,其强烈伸展活动出现在华北克拉通破坏峰期,动力学背景是古太平洋板块俯冲导致的远场弧后拉张。  相似文献   

尼日尔Termit盆地古近系构造样式及其对油气聚集的控制作用     

郑凤云  史卜庆  李早红  袁圣强  刘邦  王玉华  姜虹  程小岛 《地学前缘》2018,25(2):72-82

尼日尔Termit盆地主要发育早白垩世和始新世-渐新世两个裂陷旋回,其起源于不同的动力学背景和运动学机制,相应表现出不同的盆地性质。其中古近纪始新世-渐新世第二裂陷旋回受区域挤压应力环境下的非洲板块内部局部应力释放控制,具有逃逸盆地的性质,在盆地内部表现为典型走滑伸展特征。该旋回在第一期NW-SE控盆断裂基础上发育了NNW-SSE断裂体系,盆地整体呈现地堑地垒和半地堑结构,北部为双断结构地堑,南部为西断东超多米诺半地堑结构。古近系断裂的斜向拉张作用形成了大量雁列式正断层,以软连接方式相连,在二级构造单元内发育了大量构造调节带,分为同向型、对向型和背向型3大类,以同向叠覆型、对向平行型和背向叠覆型为主,成为Termit盆地最主要的构造调节带样式。古近纪始新世-渐新世第二裂陷旋回及其构造样式控制了盆地沉积体系,在始新世Sokor1初始裂陷期形成了三角洲湖泊沉积体系、渐新世-早中新世Sokor2深陷期沉积了湖相泥岩,形成了盆地主力储盖组合。同时,该旋回的构造调节作用形成了大量断块和断鼻/断背斜构造,成为Termit盆地的主要圈闭类型。渐新世-早中新世的深陷期导致断层沟通白垩系成熟烃源岩,在盆地内发生广泛的垂向和侧向运移,该时期断层的活动强度决定了古近系油气分布和富集程度。Sokor1和Sokor2段中下部岩性圈闭及Sokor2段成藏组合是Termit盆地的下步勘探领域。  相似文献   

主动与被动状态下墙体侧向位移近似计算     

谢涛  罗强  张良  连继峰  于曰明 《岩土力学》2018,39(5):1682-1690

极限状态下墙体侧向位移对土压力计算和支挡结构设计影响显著。根据Rankine变形体和Coulomb刚塑体模型,将墙后土体变形分别当作单剪和直剪试验中试样的剪切过程,以达到极限剪切变形（剪应变或单位长度剪切位移）作为进入主被动状态标准,构建了土体变形与墙体位移的几何关系,提出了反映土体变形与强度特性,同时考虑静止时初始应力状态影响的墙体极限侧向位移近似计算模型。分析表明：土体极限剪切变形、滑移区范围、初始应力状态是影响墙体极限位移的核心要素,其中极限剪切变形占据主导作用,是导致不同颗粒组成及密实程度土体进入极限状态所需墙体位移差异显著的主要原因,而主被动区范围不同和因静止土压力系数 1引起的初始剪切变形,则是被动状态墙体位移远大于主动的关键因素;算例中主动与被动状态下墙体位移与墙高之比分别介于0.5‰～13.2‰和?0.4%～?5.2%,且主动状态下细粒土墙体位移大于粗粒土,计算结果与工程经验及相关文献模型试验基本一致。  相似文献   

一种针对海洋GIS应用的建模方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐兵 《地理与地理信息科学》2008,24(2):41-43

为提高海洋GIS分析效率,使系统分析模型更简洁、更具领域特性,在分析相关针对GIS建模研究的基础上,利用UML的扩展机制,定义针对海洋GIS的面向对象建模语言UML-M。描述UML-M的元模型,研究基于UML-M的空间对象和空间关系的模型表现方法,包括简单空间对象、覆盖对象、复杂空间对象、时空对象等。实例分析表明,UML-M可以很好地应用在海洋GIS中。  相似文献   

The relationship between extension of lower crust and displacement of the shelf break     

YunFan Zhang  Zhen Sun  Xiong Pang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(3):550-557

With deep sea petroleum explorations become more and more popular,some geological phenomena have emerged:extension of lower crust and upper crust is inhomogeneous;shelf break has been moved rapidly after crustal stretching.These geological phenomena are important to the continental margin evolution.To investigate the thinning of the whole crust and the contribution of the upper crust versus the lower crust to the crustal stretching since the Cenozoic,we calculated the stretching factors of the upper and the lower crust based on the 13 seismic lines in the Baiyun Sag from CNOOC.The results indicated that the whole crustal thickness decreases seaward while the whole crustal stretching factor increases from shelf to slope.Our calculations showed that the lower crustal stretching factor is higher than that of the upper crust in the Baiyun Sag.In the Cenozoic,deformation of the Baiyun Sag is controlled mainly by ductile shearing rather than brittle shearing.Based on the numerical modeling,we can conclude the initial crust in the Baiyun Sag is thermally attenuated.The stretching factor(β)of the lower crust increases from the north to the south of the continental margin,indicating two stretching centers:the Baiyun Sag and the Liwan Sag.The geometry of the shelf break and theβisoline trap have the similar trend in 23.8 and 13.8 Ma,both located in the intense deforming zone of the lower crust,and therefore we conclude the stretching and flowing of the lower crust cause the displacement of the shelf break before and after 23.8 Ma.  相似文献   

西非被动大陆边缘重力滑脱构造体系下的塑性构造   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李涛  胡望水  于水  龙小军  何瑶瑶  吴婵  陈川 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2012,(3):69-76

论述了西非被动大陆边缘深水环境下的重力滑脱构造体系中的塑性构造。研究发现塑性地层在整个西非被动大陆边缘都有分布,且盐岩塑性层主要分布在西非被动大陆边缘的西南部和西北部,发育层位为过渡期(J-K)构造层之内;中部尼日尔三角洲等塑性层主要为泥岩塑性层,发育层位为古近系和新近系。根据重力滑脱构造体系发育特征可划分为:以正断裂和塑性焊接构造为主的上部重力滑脱伸展构造、以底辟构造为主的中部重力滑脱底辟构造、以冲断裂、塑性褶皱和塑性冲断构造为主的下部重力滑脱冲断构造。根据塑性构造上覆地层的变形过程,塑性构造演化主要经历了后生变形期和同生变形期。塑性构造变形机制主要受基底掀斜作用和上覆地层的沉积速率控制。塑性构造中的底辟、褶皱、冲断及塑性焊接构造对油气成藏的控制作用依次减弱。  相似文献   

持续变刚度摩擦型阻尼器     

滕睿  陈曦  王涛 《世界地震工程》2010,26(4)

文中提出了一种具有持续可变滑移后刚度的摩擦型阻尼器。与传统摩擦阻尼器相比,这种阻尼器的滑移后刚度随变形增加而持续增长,承载能力显著提高。使用者可以根据不同地震水平下的性能目标调整输出力的大小,因此也为不同目标值下的结构控制提供了一种切实可行的方法。阻尼器采用套筒-活塞式结构,摩擦片通过橡胶层固化到活塞上,橡胶层同时为摩擦片提供面压。摩擦片与套筒内壁形成滑移面,该滑移面的内径沿轴向呈曲线变化,理论分析、数值模拟与试验结果表明,抛物线形的滑移面可提供呈三次函数关系的力与位移关系曲线,持续增长的刚度和出力,有利于改善结构的抗倒塌性能。  相似文献   

梭梭幼苗死亡与土壤和大气干旱的关系研究   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  

田媛  李建贵  赵岩 《中国沙漠》2010,30(4):878-884

以古尔班通古特沙漠南缘沙漠中的一年生梭梭幼苗为研究对象,对环境气象因子、土壤含水率、幼苗根系垂直伸展状况、幼苗死亡动态进行了全生长期的连续监测研究。结果表明,尽管梭梭幼苗根系伸展迅速,当年可达1.5 m,幼苗死亡率动态变化仍然与土壤表层含水率显著相关,而与根区或深层含水率不显著相关。但统计分析结果显示,土壤表层含水率并不总是梭梭幼苗死亡率波动的主导因素。当土壤含水率低至0.82%时,无论大气干旱程度如何,幼苗死亡率都急剧升高;而当土壤含水率高于1.25%时,幼苗可以耐受大气干旱,幼苗死亡只与土壤表层含水率显著相关;当土壤含水率在0.82~1.25%之间时,幼苗死亡率与大气干旱程度（空气饱和差）显著相关。据此我们推测,当土壤表层含水率低于1.25%时,大气干旱主导死亡率的变化;反之,则土壤水分主导。  相似文献